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Umbilical Hernia in Children

Summary

An umbilical hernia occurs when a small opening in the abdominal muscles at the belly button (umbilical ring) fails to close after birth, allowing tissue to bulge out. This condition is common in infants and usually resolves on its own by age 4 to 5 without treatment.

Umbilical hernias are typically painless and do not cause complications. Rarely, the hernia can become incarcerated (trapped) or strangulated (losing blood supply), which requires urgent medical attention.

Diagnosis and When to Seek Help

Parents should consult a doctor if their child has:

  • A soft bulge at the belly button, which may become more noticeable when crying or straining
  • A hernia that persists beyond 5 years of age
  • Signs of pain, redness, swelling, or firmness at the site, which could indicate a complication

Most umbilical hernias are diagnosed through a physical exam. Imaging (such as an ultrasound) is rarely needed unless complications are suspected.

Management

  • Observation: Most umbilical hernias close naturally within the first few years of life.
  • Surgery: A simple surgical procedure is recommended if the hernia:
    • Persists beyond age 4–5
    • Becomes larger over time
    • Causes pain or discomfort
    • Becomes trapped or strangulated

Compression therapy, such as abdominal binders or taping, is not effective and may even be harmful.

Follow-Up and Monitoring

For most children, routine check-ups are sufficient to monitor the hernia’s progress. After surgical repair, recovery is usually quick, with low recurrence rates. The most common post-surgical complications are minor bleeding and infection, which are rare.

If you notice a persistent or painful bulge in your child’s belly button, a doctor can help determine whether treatment is needed.

History and Exam

Key diagnostic factor

  • Presence of risk factors
  • Present since birth
  • Bulge at the umbilicus
  • Change in size/tension during movement

Other diagnostic factors

  • Intermittent discomfort

Risk factors

  • Low birth weight
  • African ancestry
  • Beckwith-wiedemann syndrome (BWS)
  • Trisomy 21, 18, 13

Diagnostic Investigations

1st investigations to order

  • Diagnosis is clinical

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    Other Related Conditions

    Undescended testes

    congenital hernias

    removal of lumps and lesions

    pilonidal sinuses

    in-grown toenails

    acute scrotal pain

    inguinal hernias

    femoral hernias

    hydrocele

    acute abdominal pain

    abscess drainage

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      Social and emotional functioning refers to a child’s ability to understand, express, and manage their emotions, as well as to interact effectively with others. These skills are fundamental for building positive relationships, developing empathy, and coping with the everyday challenges of growing up.

      Children who experience difficulties in social and emotional functioning may struggle with recognizing their own feelings or those of others, regulating emotional responses, or responding appropriately in social situations. This can lead to challenges such as anxiety, low self-esteem, difficulty making friends, or misunderstandings with peers and adults.

      In the school environment, social and emotional difficulties can impact a child’s engagement, cooperation, and overall learning experience. Emotional distress may manifest as withdrawal, irritability, or disruptive behaviour, which can further affect academic progress and peer relationships.

      Assessment of social and emotional functioning as part of a neuropsychological evaluation typically includes behavioural observations, standardized rating scales, and information gathered from parents, teachers, and sometimes the child. This comprehensive approach helps identify strengths and areas for support in emotional regulation, social skills, and adaptive behaviours.

      Understanding a child’s social-emotional profile allows for the development of tailored strategies to enhance emotional wellbeing, build resilience, and improve social communication. Early intervention and supportive environments can empower children to navigate their emotions more effectively, fostering confidence and meaningful connections. 

      At Offspring Health, we aim to provide transparent information about the costs involved in neurodevelopmental and educational assessments.

      Neuropsychological assessments typically involve multiple sessions that usually take between 8 and 16 hours in total, depending on the complexity and individual needs. Our hourly rate is $260, so the total cost typically ranges between $2,300 and $4,230.

      Fees generally cover:

      • Initial consultation and history gathering
      • Testing sessions where your child will complete various fun and interactive tasks
      • Liaison with schools or health professionals as needed
      • Comprehensive case analysis and report preparation
      • Feedback sessions with families and, where applicable, educators or other professionals

      Please note that standard neuropsychological assessments are generally not covered by Medicare. However, some assessments and therapy services may be funded through the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) for eligible participants. We recommend discussing funding options with your NDIS planner or support coordinator prior to booking. Private health insurance may offer partial rebates depending on your level of coverage.

      What’s the next step?

      Please phone reception for a discussion about your needs or email psychology@offspringhealth.com