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Inguinal Hernia in Children

Summary

An inguinal hernia occurs when part of the abdomen or pelvis pushes through a weak spot in the groin area. It appears as a bulge in the groin, which may become more noticeable when a child cries, coughs, or strains.

While usually not painful, an inguinal hernia can cause discomfort, especially during physical activity. Although complications are rare, they can include incarceration (when the hernia gets stuck and cannot be pushed back in), bowel obstruction, or strangulation (when blood flow to the trapped tissue is cut off). 

Diagnosis and When to Seek Help

You should see a doctor if your child has:

  • A noticeable bulge in the groin or scrotum
  • Swelling that increases with crying or activity
  • Discomfort or pain in the groin

A doctor can usually diagnose an inguinal hernia with a physical exam. If the diagnosis is unclear, imaging tests like an ultrasound may be used.

Seek immediate medical attention if the bulge:

  • Becomes hard, red, or tender
  • Cannot be gently pushed back in
  • Is accompanied by severe pain, vomiting, or swelling

These symptoms may indicate an incarcerated or strangulated hernia, which is a medical emergency. 

Management

Surgical repair is the primary treatment for inguinal hernias in children. Unlike in adults, watchful waiting is not recommended because there is a higher risk of complications. Surgery is typically performed soon after diagnosis to prevent complications.

During the procedure, the surgeon pushes the herniated tissue back into place and strengthens the weak area to prevent recurrence.

Follow-Up and Monitoring

Most children recover quickly after surgery, with minimal restrictions on activity. Follow-up visits ensure proper healing and monitor for any recurrence.

If you notice a lump in your child’s groin, consult a doctor for evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and ensure your child’s health.

History and Exam

Key diagnostic factor

  • Groin discomfort or pain with bulge
  • Groin mass
  • Abdominal discomfort or pain

Other diagnostic factors

  • Acute abdomen
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Constipation

Risk factors

  • Male sex
  • Older age
  • Family history
  • Prematurity

Diagnostic Investigations

1st investigations to order

  • Clinical diagnosis

Investigations to consider

  • Ultrasound scan of groin
  • CT scan
  • MRI of groin

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      1 Reason for referral *

      2 Parent Surname *

      3 Patient First Name *

      4 Email *

      5 Patient Surname *

      6 Phone *

      7 Child’s date of birth *

      8 Address