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Paediatric Abdominal Pain

Summary

Abdominal pain is a common issue in children and often resolves on its own. However, persistent or severe pain can indicate a serious underlying condition that requires medical attention. Some causes of abdominal pain, such as acute appendicitis, can be emergencies and require urgent care.

The cause of abdominal pain can range from benign conditions to more serious ones, making it a challenge to diagnose. In most cases, doctors rely on a detailed history of the child’s symptoms and a physical examination to narrow down potential causes. Further tests may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Diagnosis and When to Seek Help

While most cases of abdominal pain are not serious, parents should seek medical advice if:

  • The pain is persistent or worsening
  • The child has a fever along with abdominal pain
  • There are changes in appetite, vomiting, or diarrhea
  • The child has blood in the stool or vomit
  • The pain is severe or associated with sudden, sharp pain
  • There is unexplained weight loss or lethargy

Because children may find it difficult to fully describe their symptoms, obtaining a complete history can be challenging. This makes the clinical expertise of the healthcare provider especially important in determining the cause.

Management

Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the pain. If the pain is related to a benign condition (e.g., indigestion or constipation), the treatment may include:

  • Dietary changes (increasing fiber, hydration)
  • Pain management with mild over-the-counter medications, such as acetaminophen
  • Regular physical activity to promote digestive health

If the pain is due to a more serious condition, such as appendicitis or an infection, more specific treatments (e.g., surgery, antibiotics) may be required.

Follow-Up and Monitoring

For most cases of abdominal pain, symptoms improve with appropriate care. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, further evaluation is necessary. Regular follow-ups may be required for ongoing or complex issues, particularly if the child has an underlying medical condition that affects digestion.

Prompt action and timely medical advice are important to ensure your child receives the proper care. If you are concerned about your child’s abdominal pain, consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

History and Exam

Key diagnostic factor

  • History of anorectal, neurological, or spinal abnormalities, or gastrointestinal surgery
  • Faecal soiling or diarrhoea
  • Constipation
  • Peri-anal skin irritation

Other diagnostic factors

  • Behaviour problems
  • Painful bowel movements
  • Abdominal pain/cramping
  • Posturing described as tightening of buttocks

Risk factors

  • Chronic constipation
  • Male sex
  • Age: 5 to 6 years
  • Diet lacking in fibre

Diagnostic Investigations

1st investigations to order

  • Abdominal x-ray

Investigations to consider

  • Unprepared barium enema
  • Spinal x-ray
  • MRI spine
  • Radiopaque marker transit x-ray

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      Social and emotional functioning refers to a child’s ability to understand, express, and manage their emotions, as well as to interact effectively with others. These skills are fundamental for building positive relationships, developing empathy, and coping with the everyday challenges of growing up.

      Children who experience difficulties in social and emotional functioning may struggle with recognizing their own feelings or those of others, regulating emotional responses, or responding appropriately in social situations. This can lead to challenges such as anxiety, low self-esteem, difficulty making friends, or misunderstandings with peers and adults.

      In the school environment, social and emotional difficulties can impact a child’s engagement, cooperation, and overall learning experience. Emotional distress may manifest as withdrawal, irritability, or disruptive behaviour, which can further affect academic progress and peer relationships.

      Assessment of social and emotional functioning as part of a neuropsychological evaluation typically includes behavioural observations, standardized rating scales, and information gathered from parents, teachers, and sometimes the child. This comprehensive approach helps identify strengths and areas for support in emotional regulation, social skills, and adaptive behaviours.

      Understanding a child’s social-emotional profile allows for the development of tailored strategies to enhance emotional wellbeing, build resilience, and improve social communication. Early intervention and supportive environments can empower children to navigate their emotions more effectively, fostering confidence and meaningful connections. 

      At Offspring Health, we aim to provide transparent information about the costs involved in neurodevelopmental and educational assessments.

      Neuropsychological assessments typically involve multiple sessions that usually take between 8 and 16 hours in total, depending on the complexity and individual needs. Our hourly rate is $260, so the total cost typically ranges between $2,300 and $4,230.

      Fees generally cover:

      • Initial consultation and history gathering
      • Testing sessions where your child will complete various fun and interactive tasks
      • Liaison with schools or health professionals as needed
      • Comprehensive case analysis and report preparation
      • Feedback sessions with families and, where applicable, educators or other professionals

      Please note that standard neuropsychological assessments are generally not covered by Medicare. However, some assessments and therapy services may be funded through the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) for eligible participants. We recommend discussing funding options with your NDIS planner or support coordinator prior to booking. Private health insurance may offer partial rebates depending on your level of coverage.

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      Please phone reception for a discussion about your needs or email psychology@offspringhealth.com