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Snoring

Summary

Snoring is a common symptom in children, often caused by temporary airway blockages during sleep. While mild, occasional snoring is typically harmless, persistent snoring could indicate sleep-disordered breathing, including obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).

  • Most common cause: Enlarged tonsils and adenoids (adenotonsillar hypertrophy).
  • Other factors: Obesity, nasal congestion, allergies, or structural issues (e.g., small jaw or large tongue).
  • When to be concerned: If snoring is loud, frequent, or accompanied by pauses in breathing, restless sleep, or daytime tiredness, a specialist evaluation is recommended. 

Signs That Require Medical Attention

If your child snores regularly (more than 3 nights per week) and has any of the following, consult a doctor:

  • Pauses in breathing during sleep
  • Gasping or choking sounds
  • Restless sleep or frequent waking
  • Daytime fatigue or difficulty concentrating
  • Hyperactivity or behavioral issues (often linked to poor sleep)

Management & Treatment

  • Mild cases: Lifestyle changes (nasal saline, allergy management, weight loss if applicable).
  • If OSA is suspected: Sleep study (polysomnography) may be needed.
  • Adenotonsillectomy: Surgery to remove enlarged tonsils/adenoids is often curative in children with sleep-related breathing issues.
  • Other treatments: CPAP therapy or orthodontic devices may be needed in some cases.

Key Takeaway

While occasional snoring is normal, persistent snoring with breathing difficulties should be evaluated to ensure your child gets quality sleep for proper growth, development, and well-being. 

History and Exam

Key diagnostic factor

  • Presence of risk factors
  • Noisy breathing during sleep
  • Apnoeas
  • Choking or gasping

Other diagnostic factors

  • Waking up tired
  • Daytime somnolence
  • Hyperactivity
  • Behavioural problems

Risk factors

  • Increasing age
  • Male sex
  • Obesity (BMI >30)
  • Caranio-facial abnormalities

Diagnostic Investigations

1st investigations to order

  • Nasal decongestant test
  • Epworth sleepiness score (ESS)

Investigations to consider

  • Snoring scale score
  • TFTs
  • Growth hormone level
  • Skin-prick tests/serum allergen-specific IgE tests

Emerging tests

  • Head and neck 3- dimensional CT
  • Head and neck MRI

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    Other Related Conditions

    Insomnia

    Parasomnia (night terrors)

    Narcolepsy

    Delayed Sleep Phase

    Restless leg syndrome

    Behavioural sleep conditions

    Rhythmic movement disorder

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      Social and emotional functioning refers to a child’s ability to understand, express, and manage their emotions, as well as to interact effectively with others. These skills are fundamental for building positive relationships, developing empathy, and coping with the everyday challenges of growing up.

      Children who experience difficulties in social and emotional functioning may struggle with recognizing their own feelings or those of others, regulating emotional responses, or responding appropriately in social situations. This can lead to challenges such as anxiety, low self-esteem, difficulty making friends, or misunderstandings with peers and adults.

      In the school environment, social and emotional difficulties can impact a child’s engagement, cooperation, and overall learning experience. Emotional distress may manifest as withdrawal, irritability, or disruptive behaviour, which can further affect academic progress and peer relationships.

      Assessment of social and emotional functioning as part of a neuropsychological evaluation typically includes behavioural observations, standardized rating scales, and information gathered from parents, teachers, and sometimes the child. This comprehensive approach helps identify strengths and areas for support in emotional regulation, social skills, and adaptive behaviours.

      Understanding a child’s social-emotional profile allows for the development of tailored strategies to enhance emotional wellbeing, build resilience, and improve social communication. Early intervention and supportive environments can empower children to navigate their emotions more effectively, fostering confidence and meaningful connections. 

      At Offspring Health, we aim to provide transparent information about the costs involved in neurodevelopmental and educational assessments.

      Neuropsychological assessments typically involve multiple sessions that usually take between 8 and 16 hours in total, depending on the complexity and individual needs. Our hourly rate is $260, so the total cost typically ranges between $2,300 and $4,230.

      Fees generally cover:

      • Initial consultation and history gathering
      • Testing sessions where your child will complete various fun and interactive tasks
      • Liaison with schools or health professionals as needed
      • Comprehensive case analysis and report preparation
      • Feedback sessions with families and, where applicable, educators or other professionals

      Please note that standard neuropsychological assessments are generally not covered by Medicare. However, some assessments and therapy services may be funded through the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) for eligible participants. We recommend discussing funding options with your NDIS planner or support coordinator prior to booking. Private health insurance may offer partial rebates depending on your level of coverage.

      What’s the next step?

      Please phone reception for a discussion about your needs or email psychology@offspringhealth.com