Summary
Depression in children can look different than it does in adults, but the signs are just as important to recognize. It is marked by a persistently sad or irritable mood, a lack of interest in activities that were once enjoyable, low self-esteem, sleep problems, social withdrawal, and poor school performance.
At-risk children should be screened for depression early to ensure timely intervention. An accurate diagnosis involves a thorough evaluation, including a review of the child’s history and input from parents, teachers, and other significant individuals.
Given the potential for serious outcomes like school disengagement, substance abuse, and even suicidal thoughts, it is crucial to assess the severity of depression and determine the most appropriate treatment approach.
Treatment usually involves a combination of therapies such as psychotherapy, antidepressants, and close monitoring. However, long-term care is essential to prevent relapse or recurrence after recovery.
Diagnosis and When to Seek Help
If your child shows signs of depression, it is important to seek help from a healthcare provider. Common warning signs include:
- Persistent sadness or irritability
- Loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed
- Trouble sleeping or oversleeping
- Difficulty concentrating or engaging in schoolwork
- Withdrawing from family, friends, or social activities
- Thoughts of self-harm or suicide
A professional will assess the child’s symptoms and may refer to a classification system like the DSM-5-TR, which outlines several types of depressive disorders. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) are common forms of depression in children.
Management
Treatment for depression in children may include:
- Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or other therapeutic techniques can help children understand and manage their feelings.
- Antidepressant Medications: For moderate to severe depression, medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be prescribed.
- Support and Monitoring: Regular follow-ups ensure that treatment is working and allow for adjustments if needed. Family support and creating a stable routine are also crucial for recovery.
Follow-Up and Monitoring
Given the high risk for relapse, ongoing treatment and monitoring are essential even after the child recovers. A comprehensive plan that includes therapy, medication, and regular check-ins with healthcare providers can significantly reduce the risk of future depressive episodes.
If your child is experiencing any of the symptoms listed, it’s important to seek help and support early to ensure they receive the care they need to manage depression effectively.
History and Exam
Key diagnostic factors
- Presence of risk factors
- Sad and/or irritable mood
- Decreased interest or lack of enjoyment
- Significant functional impairment
Other diagnostic factors
- Decreased concentration or indecision
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Change of appetite or weight
- Excessive fatigue
Risk factors
- Positive family history of depression
- Other parental psychopathology
- Personal history of other psychiatric disorders (e.g. anxiety )
- Stress or trauma
Diagnostic Investigations
1st investigations to order
- Clinical diagnosis
Investigations to consider
- Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4)
- Full blood count with differential
- Urine drug screen
- Urine pregnancy test
Book an Appointment
Other Related Conditions
FEEDING PROBLEMS
SLEEP DIFFICULTIES
CHALLENGING BEHAVIOURS
LEARNING DIFFICULTIES
LANGUAGE DISORDERS
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