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Anxiety

Summary

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a common mental health condition characterized by excessive and persistent worry that lasts for at least six months. This worry is often difficult to control and can interfere with daily life.

Symptoms may include restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbances. While adults must experience at least three of these symptoms for a diagnosis, children only need one key symptom.

GAD is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning other medical conditions, mental health disorders, and substance-related factors must be ruled out first. If no underlying physical or psychological causes are found, the diagnosis is confirmed based on symptoms.

Treatment typically includes therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), or a combination of both.

Diagnosis and When to Seek Help

Parents should seek medical advice if their child:

  • Worries excessively about everyday matters for months
  • Struggles to control their worry
  • Experiences symptoms such as nervousness, sleep disturbances, or physical discomfort (e.g., headaches, stomachaches)
  • Avoids social activities or school due to anxiety

A healthcare provider will evaluate the child’s symptoms, medical history, and emotional well-being to rule out other conditions before diagnosing GAD.

Management

GAD can be managed effectively through:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): A proven therapy that helps children identify and manage anxious thoughts.
  • Relaxation Techniques: Breathing exercises, mindfulness, and physical activity can reduce stress.
  • Medications: In some cases, doctors may prescribe SSRIs or other medications if therapy alone is not enough.
  • Parental Support: Encouraging open communication, providing reassurance, and modeling healthy coping skills can help children feel more secure.

Follow-Up and Monitoring

Ongoing monitoring by a healthcare provider ensures treatment remains effective. Regular check-ins with a therapist or doctor can help track progress and make necessary adjustments.

With early intervention and the right support, children with GAD can learn to manage their anxiety and thrive.

History and Exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • Presence of risk factors
  • Excessive worry for at least 6 months
  • Anxiety not confirmed to another mental health disorder
  • Anxiety not due to medication or substance

Other diagnostic factors

  • Headache
  • Sweating
  • Dizziness
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms

Risk factors

  • Family history of anxiety
  • Physical or emotional stress
  • History of physical, sexual, or emotional trauma
  • Other anxiety disorder

Diagnostic Investigations

1st investigations to order

  • Clinical diagnosis

Investigations to consider

  • Thyroid function tests
  • Urine drug screen
  • 24-hour urine for catecholamines, metanephrines, normetanephrines, and creatinine
  • Pulmonary function tests

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    Other Related Conditions

    ASTHMA

    CONCERNS REGARDING GROWTH

    FEEDING PROBLEMS

    CONSTIPATION

    BED WETTING

    SEIZURES

    SLEEP DIFFICULTIES

    CHALLENGING BEHAVIOURS

    AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

    LEARNING DIFFICULTIES

    ADHD & Oppositional behaviours

    LANGUAGE DISORDERS

    TICS & TOURETTES DISORDER

    ANXIETY

    DEPRESSION

    INFECTIONS

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      Social and emotional functioning refers to a child’s ability to understand, express, and manage their emotions, as well as to interact effectively with others. These skills are fundamental for building positive relationships, developing empathy, and coping with the everyday challenges of growing up.

      Children who experience difficulties in social and emotional functioning may struggle with recognizing their own feelings or those of others, regulating emotional responses, or responding appropriately in social situations. This can lead to challenges such as anxiety, low self-esteem, difficulty making friends, or misunderstandings with peers and adults.

      In the school environment, social and emotional difficulties can impact a child’s engagement, cooperation, and overall learning experience. Emotional distress may manifest as withdrawal, irritability, or disruptive behaviour, which can further affect academic progress and peer relationships.

      Assessment of social and emotional functioning as part of a neuropsychological evaluation typically includes behavioural observations, standardized rating scales, and information gathered from parents, teachers, and sometimes the child. This comprehensive approach helps identify strengths and areas for support in emotional regulation, social skills, and adaptive behaviours.

      Understanding a child’s social-emotional profile allows for the development of tailored strategies to enhance emotional wellbeing, build resilience, and improve social communication. Early intervention and supportive environments can empower children to navigate their emotions more effectively, fostering confidence and meaningful connections. 

      At Offspring Health, we aim to provide transparent information about the costs involved in neurodevelopmental and educational assessments.

      Neuropsychological assessments typically involve multiple sessions that usually take between 8 and 16 hours in total, depending on the complexity and individual needs. Our hourly rate is $260, so the total cost typically ranges between $2,300 and $4,230.

      Fees generally cover:

      • Initial consultation and history gathering
      • Testing sessions where your child will complete various fun and interactive tasks
      • Liaison with schools or health professionals as needed
      • Comprehensive case analysis and report preparation
      • Feedback sessions with families and, where applicable, educators or other professionals

      Please note that standard neuropsychological assessments are generally not covered by Medicare. However, some assessments and therapy services may be funded through the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) for eligible participants. We recommend discussing funding options with your NDIS planner or support coordinator prior to booking. Private health insurance may offer partial rebates depending on your level of coverage.

      What’s the next step?

      Please phone reception for a discussion about your needs or email psychology@offspringhealth.com