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ADHD

Summary

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common condition that starts in childhood and affects attention, activity levels, and impulse control. It can impact daily life at home, school, and in social situations. Symptoms must begin before the age of 12 and often continue into adulthood.

ADHD is diagnosed based on a detailed history, with input from parents, caregivers, and teachers. Treatment usually includes education about ADHD, behavioral strategies, and, in some cases, medication. Stimulant medications are effective for most children but should be carefully monitored, especially in those with heart conditions.

Diagnosis and When to Seek Help

If your child has difficulty paying attention, is overly active, or acts impulsively in different settings (such as both home and school), it may be worth discussing ADHD with a healthcare professional. Other signs include trouble following instructions, frequent forgetfulness, or difficulty sitting still.

A doctor or specialist will assess your child’s symptoms by gathering information from multiple sources, including parents, teachers, and caregivers. There are no specific lab tests for ADHD—diagnosis is based on behavior patterns and medical history.

Management

ADHD is best managed with a combination of strategies, including:

  • Psychoeducation: Understanding ADHD and how it affects your child’s daily life.
  • Behavioral therapy: Structured routines, positive reinforcement, and social skills training.

Medication: Stimulants (such as methylphenidate) work for about 85% of children. Non-stimulant medications may also be an option, especially for those who need longer-lasting effects or cannot tolerate stimulants.

Follow-Up and Monitoring

Ongoing care is essential to ensure your child’s treatment plan is effective. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider help monitor symptoms, medication effectiveness, and possible side effects. If stimulant medication is used, heart health should be monitored, particularly in children with pre-existing conditions.

With the right support, children with ADHD can thrive in school, social settings, and beyond. 

History and Exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • Presence of risk factors
  • Inability to give close attention to details or making ‘careless’ mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities
  • Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
  • Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly

Other diagnostic factors

  • Mild mood symptoms (dysphoria, mood lability, irritability, boredom)
  • Anxiety
  • Difficulty with peer interactions
  • Low self-esteem

Risk factors

  • Family history of ADHD
  • Male sex
  • Low birth weight
  • Epilepsy

Diagnostic Investigations

1st investigations to order

  • No formal laboratory or imaging studies

Investigations to consider

  • Neuropsychological testing

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    Other Related Conditions

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      1 Reason for referral *

      2 Parent Surname *

      3 Patient First Name *

      4 Email *

      5 Patient Surname *

      6 Phone *

      7 Child’s date of birth *

      8 ADDRESS