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Chronic tonsillitis

Summary

Tonsillitis is an infection or inflammation of the tonsils, which are located at the back of the throat. It can be difficult to tell apart from viral pharyngitis, as both conditions cause similar symptoms like a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever. Most cases of tonsillitis resolve on their own within a few days and do not require antibiotics. Pain relief, like over-the-counter medication, is often recommended to ease symptoms. However, if the tonsillitis is caused by a bacterial infection, such as group A streptococcus (which causes strep throat), antibiotics will be needed. This type of infection is responsible for 5% to 15% of sore throats in adults and 15% to 30% in children.

In some cases, if a child experiences frequent or severe bouts of tonsillitis, a doctor may recommend a tonsillectomy (surgical removal of the tonsils) to prevent future problems.

What is Tonsillitis?

Tonsillitis is an infection or swelling of the tonsils, the two oval-shaped tissues located in the back of the throat. It can occur on its own or alongside other throat infections, such as pharyngitis (inflammation of the throat). Tonsillitis is often referred to simply as a “sore throat” because it shares symptoms with many other throat infections. This condition is different from tonsillitis caused by infectious mononucleosis, also known as glandular fever, which is a viral infection.

When to Seek Help

If your child or you experience a severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, or swollen tonsils, it’s a good idea to see a healthcare provider. If symptoms last longer than a few days or are severe, they may recommend tests to check for bacterial infections and decide whether antibiotics are necessary.

Treatment and Management

  • Symptom relief: For most people, tonsillitis improves on its own with rest, plenty of fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers to reduce fever and throat discomfort.
  • Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection like strep throat is causing the tonsillitis, antibiotics will be prescribed.
  • Surgery: For children who experience recurrent, severe tonsillitis, a tonsillectomy may be recommended to prevent future infections.

History and Exam

Key diagnostic factor

  • Presence of risk factors
  • Pain on swallowing
  • Fever (>38°C [>100.5°F])
  • Tonsillar exudate

Other diagnostic factors

  • Sudden onset of sore throat
  • Headache
  • Abdominal pain
  • Nausea and vomiting

Risk factors

  • Age between 5 and 15 years
  • Contact with infected people in enclosed spaces (e.g., child care centres, schools, prison)

Diagnostic Investigations

1st Investigations to Order

  • Throat culture
  • Rapid streptococcal antigen test

Investigations to consider

  • Serological testing for streptococci
  • WBC count and differential
  • Heterophile antibodies
  • Vaginal and cervical, or penile, and rectal cultures

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      Social and emotional functioning refers to a child’s ability to understand, express, and manage their emotions, as well as to interact effectively with others. These skills are fundamental for building positive relationships, developing empathy, and coping with the everyday challenges of growing up.

      Children who experience difficulties in social and emotional functioning may struggle with recognizing their own feelings or those of others, regulating emotional responses, or responding appropriately in social situations. This can lead to challenges such as anxiety, low self-esteem, difficulty making friends, or misunderstandings with peers and adults.

      In the school environment, social and emotional difficulties can impact a child’s engagement, cooperation, and overall learning experience. Emotional distress may manifest as withdrawal, irritability, or disruptive behaviour, which can further affect academic progress and peer relationships.

      Assessment of social and emotional functioning as part of a neuropsychological evaluation typically includes behavioural observations, standardized rating scales, and information gathered from parents, teachers, and sometimes the child. This comprehensive approach helps identify strengths and areas for support in emotional regulation, social skills, and adaptive behaviours.

      Understanding a child’s social-emotional profile allows for the development of tailored strategies to enhance emotional wellbeing, build resilience, and improve social communication. Early intervention and supportive environments can empower children to navigate their emotions more effectively, fostering confidence and meaningful connections. 

      At Offspring Health, we aim to provide transparent information about the costs involved in neurodevelopmental and educational assessments.

      Neuropsychological assessments typically involve multiple sessions that usually take between 8 and 16 hours in total, depending on the complexity and individual needs. Our hourly rate is $260, so the total cost typically ranges between $2,300 and $4,230.

      Fees generally cover:

      • Initial consultation and history gathering
      • Testing sessions where your child will complete various fun and interactive tasks
      • Liaison with schools or health professionals as needed
      • Comprehensive case analysis and report preparation
      • Feedback sessions with families and, where applicable, educators or other professionals

      Please note that standard neuropsychological assessments are generally not covered by Medicare. However, some assessments and therapy services may be funded through the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) for eligible participants. We recommend discussing funding options with your NDIS planner or support coordinator prior to booking. Private health insurance may offer partial rebates depending on your level of coverage.

      What’s the next step?

      Please phone reception for a discussion about your needs or email psychology@offspringhealth.com