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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Summary

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a long-term condition that affects how the digestive system functions. It causes recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort that is linked to changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or a mix of both. The pain is often relieved after passing stool.

Common dietary triggers include caffeine, dairy (lactose), and high-fructose foods. IBS does not cause permanent damage to the intestines, but symptoms can be persistent and affect daily life.

Diagnosis and When to Seek Help

IBS is diagnosed based on symptoms, as there are no specific tests for the condition. However, a doctor may perform tests to rule out other conditions, especially if symptoms include:

  • Unintentional weight loss
  • Anemia (low iron levels)
  • Fever
  • Persistent diarrhea or blood in the stool

A physical examination of the abdomen is usually normal, though some people may have mild tenderness in the lower belly.

Management

IBS treatment is tailored to each person based on their symptoms and lifestyle. Common approaches include:

  • Dietary changes – Identifying and avoiding trigger foods (such as caffeine, dairy, or high-fructose foods). Some people benefit from a low-FODMAP diet, which limits certain fermentable carbohydrates.
  • Lifestyle adjustments – Managing stress, regular physical activity, and maintaining a balanced diet can help reduce symptoms.

Medications – Depending on symptoms, doctors may recommend fiber supplements, antispasmodic medications for cramping, or medications to help with diarrhea or constipation.

Follow-Up and Monitoring

IBS is a chronic condition, but symptoms may come and go. Regular follow-ups with a doctor can help monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed.

If new or worsening symptoms appear, further evaluation may be necessary to rule out other digestive conditions.

If you or your child experience persistent digestive discomfort, speak to a healthcare provider for guidance on managing IBS effectively.

History and Exam

Key diagnostic factor

  • presence of risk factors
  • abdominal pain
  • alteration of bowel habits associated with pain
  • abdominal bloating or distension

Other diagnostic factors

  • passage of mucus with stool
  • urgency of defecation

Risk factor

  • physical and sexual abuse
  • post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
  • age <50 years
  • female sex

Diagnostic Investigations

1st investigations to order

  • FBC (Full Blood Count)

Investigations to consider

  • faecal occult blood test
  • quantitative faecal immunochemical test (FIT)
  • serologic tests for coeliac disease
  • faecal calprotectin

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    Other Related Conditions

    coeliac disease

    Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease or Ulcerative Colitis)

    Eosinophilic Oesophagitis

    cow’s milk protein intolerance, food allergies

    irritable bowel syndrome (ibs)

    reflux & vomiting

    failure to thrive

    constipation or diarrhoea

    incontinence

    chronic abdominal pain

    gastroparesis

    liver disease

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      Social and emotional functioning refers to a child’s ability to understand, express, and manage their emotions, as well as to interact effectively with others. These skills are fundamental for building positive relationships, developing empathy, and coping with the everyday challenges of growing up.

      Children who experience difficulties in social and emotional functioning may struggle with recognizing their own feelings or those of others, regulating emotional responses, or responding appropriately in social situations. This can lead to challenges such as anxiety, low self-esteem, difficulty making friends, or misunderstandings with peers and adults.

      In the school environment, social and emotional difficulties can impact a child’s engagement, cooperation, and overall learning experience. Emotional distress may manifest as withdrawal, irritability, or disruptive behaviour, which can further affect academic progress and peer relationships.

      Assessment of social and emotional functioning as part of a neuropsychological evaluation typically includes behavioural observations, standardized rating scales, and information gathered from parents, teachers, and sometimes the child. This comprehensive approach helps identify strengths and areas for support in emotional regulation, social skills, and adaptive behaviours.

      Understanding a child’s social-emotional profile allows for the development of tailored strategies to enhance emotional wellbeing, build resilience, and improve social communication. Early intervention and supportive environments can empower children to navigate their emotions more effectively, fostering confidence and meaningful connections. 

      At Offspring Health, we aim to provide transparent information about the costs involved in neurodevelopmental and educational assessments.

      Neuropsychological assessments typically involve multiple sessions that usually take between 8 and 16 hours in total, depending on the complexity and individual needs. Our hourly rate is $260, so the total cost typically ranges between $2,300 and $4,230.

      Fees generally cover:

      • Initial consultation and history gathering
      • Testing sessions where your child will complete various fun and interactive tasks
      • Liaison with schools or health professionals as needed
      • Comprehensive case analysis and report preparation
      • Feedback sessions with families and, where applicable, educators or other professionals

      Please note that standard neuropsychological assessments are generally not covered by Medicare. However, some assessments and therapy services may be funded through the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) for eligible participants. We recommend discussing funding options with your NDIS planner or support coordinator prior to booking. Private health insurance may offer partial rebates depending on your level of coverage.

      What’s the next step?

      Please phone reception for a discussion about your needs or email psychology@offspringhealth.com