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Coeliac Disease

Summary

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition that affects about 1% of the population and can develop at any age. It occurs when the immune system reacts to gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. Symptoms can vary widely, from digestive issues like diarrhea to conditions such as anemia or osteoporosis. The only effective treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet. If left untreated, coeliac disease can lead to serious health complications, including nutrient deficiencies and an increased risk of certain illnesses.

Diagnosis and When to Seek Help

If your child or a family member has persistent digestive problems, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or signs of poor growth, consult a doctor. Other warning signs include anemia, frequent bloating, and skin rashes. Diagnosis usually starts with a blood test to check for specific antibodies. In most cases, a biopsy of the small intestine is needed to confirm the diagnosis.

Management

The only treatment for coeliac disease is a strict gluten-free diet, which helps heal the intestines and prevents further damage. This means avoiding all foods containing wheat, rye, and barley. Many naturally gluten-free foods, such as fruits, vegetables, rice, and dairy products, can be safely included in the diet. Working with a dietitian can help ensure proper nutrition and prevent accidental gluten exposure.

Follow-Up and Monitoring

Regular medical check-ups are essential to monitor healing and ensure that nutritional needs are met. Blood tests may be done periodically to check for ongoing inflammation or vitamin deficiencies. Support from healthcare professionals, dietitians, and coeliac support groups can help families adjust to a gluten-free lifestyle and maintain good health.

History and Exam

Key diagnostic factor

  • diarrhoea
  • bloating
  • abdominal pain/discomfort
  • anaemia

Other diagnostic factors

  • family history
  • osteopenia/osteoporosis
  • fatigue
  • weight loss

Risk factor

  • family history of coeliac disease
  • immunoglobulin A deficiency
  • type 1 diabetes
  • autoimmune thyroid disease

Diagnostic Investigations

1st investigations to order

  • immunoglobulin A–tissue transglutaminase (IgA-tTG)
  • quantitative IgA
  • IgG DGP (deamidated gliadin peptide)
  • FBC

Investigations to consider

  • human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing
  • gluten challenge
  • video capsule endoscopy

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    Other Related Conditions

    coeliac disease

    Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease or Ulcerative Colitis)

    Eosinophilic Oesophagitis

    cow’s milk protein intolerance, food allergies

    irritable bowel syndrome (ibs)

    reflux & vomiting

    failure to thrive

    constipation or diarrhoea

    incontinence

    chronic abdominal pain

    gastroparesis

    liver disease

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      Social and emotional functioning refers to a child’s ability to understand, express, and manage their emotions, as well as to interact effectively with others. These skills are fundamental for building positive relationships, developing empathy, and coping with the everyday challenges of growing up.

      Children who experience difficulties in social and emotional functioning may struggle with recognizing their own feelings or those of others, regulating emotional responses, or responding appropriately in social situations. This can lead to challenges such as anxiety, low self-esteem, difficulty making friends, or misunderstandings with peers and adults.

      In the school environment, social and emotional difficulties can impact a child’s engagement, cooperation, and overall learning experience. Emotional distress may manifest as withdrawal, irritability, or disruptive behaviour, which can further affect academic progress and peer relationships.

      Assessment of social and emotional functioning as part of a neuropsychological evaluation typically includes behavioural observations, standardized rating scales, and information gathered from parents, teachers, and sometimes the child. This comprehensive approach helps identify strengths and areas for support in emotional regulation, social skills, and adaptive behaviours.

      Understanding a child’s social-emotional profile allows for the development of tailored strategies to enhance emotional wellbeing, build resilience, and improve social communication. Early intervention and supportive environments can empower children to navigate their emotions more effectively, fostering confidence and meaningful connections. 

      At Offspring Health, we aim to provide transparent information about the costs involved in neurodevelopmental and educational assessments.

      Neuropsychological assessments typically involve multiple sessions that usually take between 8 and 16 hours in total, depending on the complexity and individual needs. Our hourly rate is $260, so the total cost typically ranges between $2,300 and $4,230.

      Fees generally cover:

      • Initial consultation and history gathering
      • Testing sessions where your child will complete various fun and interactive tasks
      • Liaison with schools or health professionals as needed
      • Comprehensive case analysis and report preparation
      • Feedback sessions with families and, where applicable, educators or other professionals

      Please note that standard neuropsychological assessments are generally not covered by Medicare. However, some assessments and therapy services may be funded through the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) for eligible participants. We recommend discussing funding options with your NDIS planner or support coordinator prior to booking. Private health insurance may offer partial rebates depending on your level of coverage.

      What’s the next step?

      Please phone reception for a discussion about your needs or email psychology@offspringhealth.com