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Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

Summary

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder that causes an irresistible urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations such as tingling, crawling, or aching. These symptoms typically:

  • Worsen in the evening or at night and are most noticeable when resting.
  • Improve with movement, such as walking or stretching.
  • Affect the legs more than the arms, though other body parts can sometimes be involved.

RLS can make it difficult for children to fall asleep and may lead to daytime sleepiness, mood changes, and trouble focusing in school.

Diagnosis and When to Seek Help

Parents should consult a doctor if their child:

  • Complains of strange leg sensations that are relieved by movement.
  • Has difficulty sleeping due to discomfort in the legs.
  • Frequently tosses and turns in bed or moves their legs involuntarily at night.
  • Appears tired, irritable, or struggles with concentration during the day.

A doctor may diagnose RLS based on:

  • A detailed medical history and symptom description.
  • Family history, as RLS can be hereditary.
  • Blood tests to check for iron deficiency, which is commonly linked to RLS.

Management and Treatment

While there is no cure for RLS, symptoms can often be managed with lifestyle changes and, in some cases, medication.

  • Non-Medical Approaches:
    • Maintain a consistent sleep routine with relaxing bedtime habits.
    • Ensure the child gets regular exercise, but avoid strenuous activity close to bedtime.
    • Reduce caffeine and sugary foods, especially in the evening.
    • Try leg massages, warm baths, or stretching before bedtime.
  • Medical Treatment:
    • Iron supplements may help if an iron deficiency is present.
    • In severe cases, a doctor may consider dopamine agonists, benzodiazepines, or other medications. 

Follow-Up and Support

  • Monitor symptoms and keep a sleep journal to track patterns.
  • Work with teachers if RLS affects concentration and school performance.
  • Discuss ongoing concerns with a doctor, especially if symptoms worsen or disrupt daily life.

With the right management, children with RLS can enjoy restful sleep and improved daytime function.

History and Exam

Key diagnostic factor

  • Presence of risk factors
  • Urge to move the legs
  • Dysaesthesias
  • Evening or night symptoms

Other diagnostic factors

  • Alcohol use
  • Caffeine use

Risk factors

  • Conditions associated with iron deficiency
  • Pregnancy
  • Family history of RLS
  • Use of antidepressants antihistamines and metoclopramide

Diagnostic Investigations

1st investigations to order

  • Clinical diagnosis
  • Iron studies

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    Other Related Conditions

    Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

    Insomnia

    Parasomnia (night terrors)

    Narcolepsy

    Delayed Sleep Phase

    Behavioural sleep conditions

    Rhythmic movement disorder

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      Social and emotional functioning refers to a child’s ability to understand, express, and manage their emotions, as well as to interact effectively with others. These skills are fundamental for building positive relationships, developing empathy, and coping with the everyday challenges of growing up.

      Children who experience difficulties in social and emotional functioning may struggle with recognizing their own feelings or those of others, regulating emotional responses, or responding appropriately in social situations. This can lead to challenges such as anxiety, low self-esteem, difficulty making friends, or misunderstandings with peers and adults.

      In the school environment, social and emotional difficulties can impact a child’s engagement, cooperation, and overall learning experience. Emotional distress may manifest as withdrawal, irritability, or disruptive behaviour, which can further affect academic progress and peer relationships.

      Assessment of social and emotional functioning as part of a neuropsychological evaluation typically includes behavioural observations, standardized rating scales, and information gathered from parents, teachers, and sometimes the child. This comprehensive approach helps identify strengths and areas for support in emotional regulation, social skills, and adaptive behaviours.

      Understanding a child’s social-emotional profile allows for the development of tailored strategies to enhance emotional wellbeing, build resilience, and improve social communication. Early intervention and supportive environments can empower children to navigate their emotions more effectively, fostering confidence and meaningful connections. 

      At Offspring Health, we aim to provide transparent information about the costs involved in neurodevelopmental and educational assessments.

      Neuropsychological assessments typically involve multiple sessions that usually take between 8 and 16 hours in total, depending on the complexity and individual needs. Our hourly rate is $260, so the total cost typically ranges between $2,300 and $4,230.

      Fees generally cover:

      • Initial consultation and history gathering
      • Testing sessions where your child will complete various fun and interactive tasks
      • Liaison with schools or health professionals as needed
      • Comprehensive case analysis and report preparation
      • Feedback sessions with families and, where applicable, educators or other professionals

      Please note that standard neuropsychological assessments are generally not covered by Medicare. However, some assessments and therapy services may be funded through the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) for eligible participants. We recommend discussing funding options with your NDIS planner or support coordinator prior to booking. Private health insurance may offer partial rebates depending on your level of coverage.

      What’s the next step?

      Please phone reception for a discussion about your needs or email psychology@offspringhealth.com