obesity and metabolic syndrome

Summary

Childhood obesity has become increasingly common in recent years and can result from a combination of genetic, biological, behavioral, and environmental factors. It is a major health concern, as children with obesity are at higher risk of developing serious conditions such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

Body mass index (BMI) is the most commonly used tool to screen for obesity in children. Because children grow at different rates, BMI is assessed using age- and sex-specific percentiles rather than fixed numbers.

Preventing excessive weight gain during childhood is essential, as obesity is difficult to treat at any age, and children with obesity are more likely to become adults with obesity.

Diagnosis and When to Seek Help

You may want to consult a doctor if your child:

Has a BMI at or above the 85th percentile for their age and sex (overweight)
Has a BMI at or above the 95th percentile (obesity)
Shows signs of weight-related health issues, such as high blood sugar, high blood pressure, or difficulty with physical activity

Doctors use growth charts to assess BMI, taking into account a child’s age, sex, and overall health. In some cases, additional tests may be needed to check for conditions like diabetes or high cholesterol.

Management

The primary approach to managing childhood obesity focuses on healthy lifestyle changes, including:

Balanced nutrition: Encouraging whole foods, reducing sugary drinks, and practicing portion control
Regular physical activity: At least 60 minutes of exercise per day, such as walking, biking, or playing sports
Healthy habits: Getting enough sleep and limiting screen time

For children with severe obesity, additional treatments may be considered:

Medications: In some cases, weight-loss medications may be prescribed under medical supervision
Surgery: Metabolic or bariatric surgery is an option for adolescents with severe obesity and related health conditions, but only after other treatments have been attempted

Follow-Up and Monitoring

Managing childhood obesity requires long-term support. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can help track progress, provide guidance, and adjust treatment if needed.

By fostering healthy habits early, families can help children achieve and maintain a healthy weight, reducing the risk of long-term health complications. If you are concerned about your child’s weight, consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

History and Exam

Key diagnostic factor

body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile
weight ≥95th percentile for height

Other diagnostic factors

increased waist-hip ratio
hypertension

Risk factors

parents with obesity
rapid weight gain in infancy
weight gain in early childhood
non-Hispanic black or Hispanic ethnicity

Diagnostic Investigations

1st investigations to order

fasting blood glucose
serum lipids
liver function tests

Emerging tests

DEXA
bioelectric impedance analysis
abdominal CT or MRI

Book an Appointment

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Other Related Conditions

Insomnia

Parasomnia (night terrors)

Narcolepsy

Delayed Sleep Phase

Restless leg syndrome

Behavioural sleep conditions

Rhythmic movement disorder

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Social and emotional functioning refers to a child’s ability to understand, express, and manage their emotions, as well as to interact effectively with others. These skills are fundamental for building positive relationships, developing empathy, and coping with the everyday challenges of growing up.

Children who experience difficulties in social and emotional functioning may struggle with recognizing their own feelings or those of others, regulating emotional responses, or responding appropriately in social situations. This can lead to challenges such as anxiety, low self-esteem, difficulty making friends, or misunderstandings with peers and adults.

In the school environment, social and emotional difficulties can impact a child’s engagement, cooperation, and overall learning experience. Emotional distress may manifest as withdrawal, irritability, or disruptive behaviour, which can further affect academic progress and peer relationships.

Assessment of social and emotional functioning as part of a neuropsychological evaluation typically includes behavioural observations, standardized rating scales, and information gathered from parents, teachers, and sometimes the child. This comprehensive approach helps identify strengths and areas for support in emotional regulation, social skills, and adaptive behaviours.

Understanding a child’s social-emotional profile allows for the development of tailored strategies to enhance emotional wellbeing, build resilience, and improve social communication. Early intervention and supportive environments can empower children to navigate their emotions more effectively, fostering confidence and meaningful connections.

At Offspring Health, we aim to provide transparent information about the costs involved in neurodevelopmental and educational assessments.

Neuropsychological assessments typically involve multiple sessions that usually take between 8 and 16 hours in total, depending on the complexity and individual needs. Our hourly rate is $260, so the total cost typically ranges between $2,300 and $4,230.

Fees generally cover:

Initial consultation and history gathering
Testing sessions where your child will complete various fun and interactive tasks
Liaison with schools or health professionals as needed
Comprehensive case analysis and report preparation
Feedback sessions with families and, where applicable, educators or other professionals

Please note that standard neuropsychological assessments are generally not covered by Medicare. However, some assessments and therapy services may be funded through the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) for eligible participants. We recommend discussing funding options with your NDIS planner or support coordinator prior to booking. Private health insurance may offer partial rebates depending on your level of coverage.

What’s the next step?

Please phone reception for a discussion about your needs or email psychology@offspringhealth.com